Scientists stop breast cancer cells from spreading

Biologists have discovered a way to stop cells from one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer spreading in the lab.

The study points towards new avenues of research to combat the devastating disease.

The results of the study of triple-negative breast cancer by the team from the Universities of Manchester, Glasgow and Sheffield and funded by Breast Cancer Now are published in Oncogene.

Because the cancer does not respond to hormonal therapies or targeted treatments used in other forms of the disease, the search is on for scientists to find other medications.

Around 15% of all breast cancers are triple negative, which are more likely to spread beyond the breast and more likely to recur after treatment.

It is more common in younger people, African-American and Hispanic women and people who carry a BRCA1 mutation.

Using cutting edge genetic editing CRISPR technology, the team were able to delete either of two proteins—RUNX2 and CBF beta.

Removing either stopped the cancer from spreading—though the absence of CBF beta seemed to have the more powerful effect.

By putting either of the deleted proteins back into the cells, the cancer started to spread again.

Dr. Paul Shore from The University of Manchester was the lead researcher on the project. He said: “Triple-negative breast cancer is a particularly devastating disease which doctors, scientists and patients are investing much time and effort into finding new and better treatments.

“So this discovery is an important milestone in the understanding of how metastatic cancer spreads—though clearly, there’s a long way to go before it has a chance of being translated into effective therapies.

“But nevertheless, by finding a way to intervene in this two-protein mechanism, it could be a possible drug target—and that could even have a relevance to other cancers as well.”

He added: “We must bear in mind that these two proteins are found in other healthy tissues as well, so compounds will need to find a way to avoid them.

“And it is important to point out that we don’t yet know if this effect is true for all Triple Negative cells—as there are many phenotypes of this particular disease.”

Dr. Kotryna Temcinaite, Research Communications Manager at Breast Cancer Now, which funded the study, said: “These promising findings help us to understand more about how some triple negative breast cancers spread around the body and become incurable. We hope that the discovery of the role of the CBF beta protein in the spread of the disease could one day lead to much-needed new treatment options.

“Around 8,000 women in the UK each year are diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer, which can be more aggressive and more likely to come back and spread in the first few years after treatment. With these women still severely lacking in targeted therapies, it remains one of the greatest areas of unmet need in breast cancer.

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